Optical aberrations 像差

Optical aberrations

An optical aberration is a departure of the performance of an optical system from the predictions of par axial optics.

In an imaging system, it occurs when light from one point of an object does not converge into (or does not diverge from) a single point after transmission through the system. Aberrations occur because the simple par axial theory is not a completely accurate model of the effect of an optical system on light, rather than due to flaws in the optical elements.

Aberration leads to blurring of the image produced by an image-forming optical system. Makers of optical instruments need to correct optical systems to compensate for aberration.

像差（英语：Optical aberration）是光學中，實際像與根據單透鏡理論確定的理想像的偏離。

這些偏離是折射作用造成的。

像差是由透鏡對色光的不同彎曲能力所致，並造成帶有色暈的像。

單色像差與是与色無關的像差，包括使畸變、像場彎曲等變形像差和面像、形像、散光等使像模糊的像差。

像差在照相機、望遠鏡和其他光學儀器中可以通過透鏡的組合減小到最低限度。面鏡也有與透鏡一樣的單色像差，沒有像差。

初階像差分為五種：球面像差、 彗形像差、 像散、 場曲、 畸變。

Aberration may refer to: 色差, 像差

Optical aberration, an imperfection in image formation by an optical system.

光学像差，在图像形成的光学系统的一个缺陷。

Spherical aberration, which occurs when light rays strike a lens or mirror near its edge.

球面像差，光线照射时，会发生一个透镜或反射镜的边缘附近。

Chromatic aberration, caused by differences in refractive index for different wavelengths of light.

色差，不同波长的光折射率的差异造成的。

Defocus aberration, which occurs when a system is out of focus.

离焦像差，它发生在一个系统离焦点。

Coma aberration which means "comet" in Latin, is similar to spherical aberration; it applies to rays entering the lens at an angle.

彗形像差，在拉丁语中的意思是“彗星”，是类似球面像差，它适用于光线进入镜头的角度。

Distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection, a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration.

失真是一种偏离直线的投影，在一个场景中的直线的投影图像中的保持直。它是一种形式的光学像差